Dry bulk freight

Dry bulk shipping handles the transport of fertiliser feedstocks and solid fertilisers — urea, DAP, MAP, MOP — in the holds of bulk carriers. For bulk blends, handling calls for particular care: the coarser particles roll towards the edge of the pile during loading or discharge, which upsets the nutrient distribution; this phenomenon does not affect compound fertilisers, where segregation between elements cannot occur^[1]. At Yara, raw materials, energy and freight account for roughly 88 % of operating cash costs^[2]. The Strait of Hormuz concentrates a major share of bulk traffic; any sustained disruption to this passage would trigger a surge in freight costs and send ripples through all markets^[3][4].